
Photo: Andy Morffew · CC BY-SA 4.0 (May be cropped or resized)
Riparia riparia
Range
Breeds across the Holarctic; winters in eastern and southern Africa, southern Asia and South America
The sand martin, called the bank swallow in North America, is a migratory swallow with a wide summer range covering practically the whole Holarctic, from Europe across Asia to the Pacific and throughout North America. It winters in eastern and southern Africa, southern Asia and South America. The species name means of the riverbank. There are three or four weakly defined subspecies (Wikipedia, general species account).